Araztegi-lokatzak jasotako lurzoruaren analisi toxikologikoa zizare eta landareak erabiliz

Abstract

Urtetik urtera areagotzen diren giza populazioak eta jarduera industrialak zabortegi, isuri-puntu eta betetze guneen emendioa eragin du. Zabortegi horien artean, 48046-00181 kodearekin, "17-zabortegia" dago, Gernika-Lumon kokatua (43°19’28,9”N 2°40’30,9”W.). Zabortegi horretan, Gernikako araztegiko arazketa-lokatzak isuri izan ziren ongarri gisa urteetan zehar; eta, horrela, Gernikako industrian sortutako hainbat kutsatzaile (metal astunak, PAHak, pestizidak, etab.) bertan lurperatu ziren. Isurketaren eraginez gehien kaltetutako espezieen artean, azpimarratzekoak dira landareak eta zizareak edo antzeko lurzoruko ornogabeak; batez ere, berorien eta lurzoru-matrizearen arteko kontaktu estuagatik. Testuinguru horretan, lan honen helburua da lokatz horien isurketak eragindako efektuen ebaluazio bat gauzatzea, lurzoruari beste erabilera bat emate aldera; eta, horretarako, zabalki ezagunak diren test estandarizatu eta biomarkatzaileak erabiliko dira: organismo (uraza eta zizare), denbora (3, 7, 28 eta 56 egunera) eta konplexutasun biologiko desberdinetan (zelula-mailatik populazio-mailara arte). Besteak beste, OECD-204 (toxikotasun akutuaren testa), OECD-222 (ugalketa-testa) eta kaltzeina AM bideragarritasun-testak aplikatu ziren Eisenia fetida zizarean, paraleloki, Lactuca sativa landareetan ernetze- eta elongazio-testak gauzatu ziren heinean. Azterketa toxikologikoen ostean, kontrolarekiko desberdintasun esanguratsuak ikusi ziren: erauzitako zelomozito kantitatean, bideragarritasun zelularrean, ehunetan metatutako metal-kontzentrazioetan, hazkuntza-parametroetan (pisu-galeran) eta ugalketa-parametroetan, kutsatzaileek lurzoru biotan eragindako afekzioa berretsiz. L. sativa espeziarekin egindako frogetan, aldiz, ez zen desberdintasun nabarmenik preziatu talde esperimentalen artean.; Increasing global population, along with a rising industrial activity and soil scarceness led to landfill, spill and filling point extension. Among this landfills, “Landfill 17” can be found with 48046-00181 code; located in Gernika-Lumo (43°19'28,9"N 2°40'30,9"W, Basque Country). There, sewage sludges coming from Gernika waste water treatment plant were poured with a hose with agricultural purposes; thus, many pollutants with industrial origin (heavy metals, PAHs and pesticides among others) ended up in the mentioned soils. Among the species mostly affected by the contamination, plants and earthworms must be highlighted due to their close relation with soil matrix; and therefore, soil pollution. In this context, the aim of this work is to evaluate the effects exerted by pollutants in the spilling in order to assess potential Landfill future uses; using for that widely known biomarkers and standardized tests in different organisms (lettuce and earthworms), exposure times (3, 7, 28 and 56 days) and complexity levels (from cellular level to populational level) for that. Indeed, OECD-204 (acute toxicity test), OECD-222 (reproduction test) and calcein AM tests were applied in Eisenia fetida earthworms; while, germination and elongation tests were applied on Lactuca sativa plants. After carrying out ecotoxicological assays, significant differences respect to the control were observed in: extruded coelomocyte quantity, cell viability, tissue metal accumulations, growth (weight loss) parameters or reproductive parameters; proving pollutants affection upon soil biota. However, no significant differences were observed between experimental groups in those tests carried out with L. sativa.