GowFed: a novel federated intrusion detection system for IoT devices

Abstract

[EN] Intrusion detection systems are evolving into intelligent systems that perform data analysis while searching for anomalies in their environment. The development of deep learning techinques paved the way to build more complex and effective threat detection models. However, training those models may be computationally infeasible in most Internet of Things devices. Current approaches rely on powerful centralized servers that receive data from all their parties -- violating basic privacy constraints and substantially affecting response times and operational costs due to the huge communication overheads. To mitigate these issues, Federated Learning emerged as a promising approach, where different agents collaboratively train a shared model, without exposing training data to others or requiring a compute-intensive centralized infrastructure. This work presents GöwFed, a novel network threat detection system that combines the usage of Gower Dissimilarity matrices and Federated averaging. Three different approaches of GöwFed have been developed based on state-of the-art knowledge: (1) a vanilla version; (2) an autoencoder version; and (3) a version counting with an attention mechanism. Furthermore, each variant has been tested using simulation oriented tools provided by TensorFlow Federated framework. In the same way, a centralized analogous development of all the Federated systems is carried out to explore their differences in terms of scalability and performance -- across a set of designed experiments/scenarios. Overall, GöwFed pretends to be the first stone towards the combined usage of Federated Learning and Gower Dissimilarity matrices to detect network threats in Internet of Things devices.