K.o. 64. urteko sute handia: jatorriari buruzko teoriak eta suteraren ondorioak
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2023-04-17Author
Lasa Ureta, Oier
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[EUS] K.o. 64. urtean Zirko Maximoaren guneak su hartu zuen eta hau hedatuz joan zen Erromako zati handi batera zabalduz. Hiriaren historiako sute nagusiena bihurtu zen, Antzinako Erroma betirako aldatu zuen gertakaria bilakatuz. Gaur egun ez dago argi zein izan zen sutearen eragilea eta lau teoria ezberdin plazaratzen dira: Neronen aginduz aurrera eramandako plana izatea; nahigabe hasitako sutea izatea; kristauek sustatutakoa izana; edo Pisonen konspirazioaren kideek egindakoa izatea.
Sutea botere politikoa handitzeko erabili zuten: Neronen kontra zeudenak enperadorea jarri zuten errudun gisa, honela bere agintaldia gehiago desegonkortzeko asmoz; berriz, printzeak, kristauei leporatu zien errua, hauen kontrako errepresio handi bat martxan jarriz.
Suteak ondorioak garrantzitsuak ekarri zituen: hiria suntsituta geratu zen eta berreraikuntzak betirako aldatu zuen Erromako itxura; Neronek Domus Aurearen eraikuntza burutu ahal izan zuen, luxuz beteriko jauregia zena; eta inperioak K.o. 64. urteko diru-erreforma zela-eta sufritzen hasi zen krisi ekonomikoa areagotu zuen. Epe luzera gertaera honek Neronen gobernua ezegonkortu zuen, K.o. 69. urtean enperadoreak bere buruaz beste egitera helduz, era honetan dinastia Julio-Klaudiarraren agintaldia amaituz. [EN] In the year 64 A.D. the area of the Circus Maximus caught fire, which spread to a large
part of Rome. It became the most important fire in the history of the city, an event that
definitively changed Ancient Rome. Still today it is not clear what caused the fire and
four different theories are proposed: that it was a plan carried out on Nero’s command;
that it was a fire started unintentionally; that it was promoted by Christians; or that it
was set by members of Pison's conspiracy.
The fire was used to increase political power: those who opposed Neron put the
emperor as guilty in order to destabilize his mandate, while the prince accused
Christians by launching a major repression against them.
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The consequences of the fire were very important: the city was destroyed and the
reconstruction changed forever Rome’s topography; Nero was able to complete the
construction of the Domus Aurea, a luxury palace, and the fire increased the economic
crisis that the empire began to suffer as a result of the monetary reform of the year 64
A.D. In the long term, this destabilised Nero's government, and the emperor committed
suicide in 69 A.D., thus ending the rule of the Julio-Claudian dynasty,