Degradable Alternating Copolymers by Radical Copolymerization of 2-Methylen-1,3-dioxepane and Crotonate Esters

Abstract

Producing backbone degradable copolymers via free-radical copolymerization is a promising, yet challenging method to develop more sustainable materials for many applications. In this work, we present the copolymerization of 2-methylen-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) with crotonic acid derivative esters. MDO can copolymerize by radical ring-opening polymerization incorporating degradable ester moieties in the polymer backbone, although this can often be difficult due to the very unfavorable reactivity ratios. Crotonic acid derivatives, on the other hand, can be easily produced completely from biomass but are typically very difficult to (co)polymerize due to low propagation rates and very unfavorable reactivity ratios. Herein, we present the surprisingly easy copolymerization between MDO and butyl crotonate (BCr), which shows the ability to form alternating copolymers. The alternating nature of the copolymer was characterized by MALDI-TOF and supported by the reactivity ratios calculated experimentally (rMDO = 0.105 and rBCr = 0.017). The alternating nature of the copolymers favored the degradability that could be achieved under basic conditions (in 2 h, all chains have molar masses smaller than 2 kg/mol). Last, the work was expanded to other crotonate monomers to expand the portfolio and show the potential of this copolymer family.