Deportividad y violencia en el fútbol base: un programa de evaluación y de prevención de partidos de riesgo

Abstract

[EN] This study’s primary objective was to evaluate sportsmanship and violence in soccer matches. In order to do so, all the trainers and referees in one of the feeder teams categories of the Zaragoza and Vitoria Football Clubs took part as experts and judges in drafting a football match evaluation checklist. Two trainers and a referee used this checklist after each match to evaluate the degree of sportsmanlike/unsportsmanlike behaviours that had taken place. The results of the evaluations of all the matches in the 2005-2006 season show that parents and spectators displayed the most unsportsmanlike behaviours, followed by the same types of behaviour in players and trainers. There was a lower incidence of violent, unsportsmanlike behaviours. This study’s second objective was to evaluate a protocol to prevent violent incidents during high-risk matches in the league’s second round. This process consisted in signing a collaboration agreement with the training staff of teams that had displayed violent behaviour in the league’s first round. The trainers of these teams were trained to hold meetings and conduct specific exercises during team training sessions to encourage parents and players to behave in a sportsmanlike manner. The results show the positive contribution of these protocols, not only in the absence of violent incidents during high-risk matches, but also in the higher scores on the football match evaluation checklist achieved by participant trainers’ during the league’s second round, compared with non-participant trainers in the same category.

[ES] El primer objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la deportividad y la violencia en los partidos de fútbol base. Para este propósito, fue elaborado el “Registro de Deportividad en los Partidos de Fútbol” (RDPF), con la participación de entrenadores y árbitros de la categoría primera cadete. Los comportamientos no-deportivos que presentaron una mayor incidencia fueron agresiones verbales de padres y espectadores, seguidos de comportamientos de este mismo tipo en jugadores y entrenadores. El segundo objetivo es la implementación de un protocolo para la prevención de incidentes violentos en partidos de riesgo de la 2ª vuelta de la liga. Este protocolo implica el asesoramiento y la firma de un acuerdo de colaboración con los entrenadores para la realización de acciones dirigidas a fomentar comportamientos de juego limpio con jugadores y padres. Los resultados muestran la contribución positiva de la implementación de este protocolo, no sólo en la ausencia de incidentes violentos en los partidos de riesgo, sino en la valoración más positiva de los entrenadores y equipos participantes obtenida en el RDPF

[POR] O primeiro objectivo desta investigação prende-se com a avaliação do desportivismo e violência que se manifestam nos jogos de futebol dos escalões juvenis. Neste sentido, todos os treinadores e árbitros do escalão “primera cadete” de Saragoça e Vitória, integraram um conjunto de “especialistas e juízes” no processo de elaboração do “registo de avaliação de jogos de futebol”. Através deste registo, treinadores e árbitros avaliavam, no final de cada jogo, o grau de desportivismo e os comportamentos observados relacionados com o jogo limpo e jogo anti-desportivo. Os resultados da avaliação realizada no decorrer dos jogos da temporada 2005-2006 demonstram que os comportamentos anti-desportivos que tiveram uma maior incidência correspondem a agressões verbais de Pais e espectadores, seguidos de comportamentos do mesmo tipo por parte de treinadores e atletas. De igual forma, constatou-se uma baixa incidência de comportamentos anti-desportivos de carácter violento.