Nut Consumptions as a Marker of Higher Diet Quality in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk
Ikusi/ Ireki
Data
2019-03-30Egilea
Bibiloni, Maria del Mar
Julibert, Alicia
Bouzas, Cristina
Martínez González, Miguel Ángel
Corella, Dolores
Salas Salvadó, Jordi
Zomeño Fajardo, María Dolores
Vioque, Jesús
Romaguera, Dora
Martínez, J. Alfredo
Wärnberg, Julia
López Miranda, José
Estruch, Ramón
Bueno Cavanillas, Aurora
Arós Borau, Luis Fernando
Tinahones, Francisco J.
Serra Majem, Lluís
Martín, Vicente
Lapetra, José
Vázquez, Clotilde
Pintó, Xavier
Vidal, Josep
Daimiel, Lidia
Delgado Rodríguez, Miguel
Matía Martín, Pilar
Ros, Emilio
Fernández Carrión, Rebeca
García Ríos, Antonio
Zulet, M. Ángeles
Orozco Beltrán, Domingo
Schröder, Helmut
Fitó, Montserrat
Bulló, Mónica
Basora, Josep
Cenoz, Juan Carlos
Díez Espino, Javier
Toledo, Estefanía
Tur, Josep A.
Nutrients 11(4) : (2019) // Article ID 754
Laburpena
BACKGROUND: Nut consumption has been associated with improved nutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthy adult populations but this association has never been explored in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.
OBJECTIVE: to assess the associations between consumption of nuts and nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
DESIGN: baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6060, men and women, with ages 55⁻75 years old, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial.
METHODS: nut intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants who reported consuming zero quantity of nuts were classified as 'non-nut consumers'. 'Nut consumers' were participants who reported consuming any quantity of nuts. Nineteen micronutrients were examined (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid; Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine). The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirements (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) cut-points. Diet quality was also assessed using a 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire (Mediterranean diet score, MDS), a carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and a fat quality index (FQI).
RESULTS: eighty-two percent of participants were nut consumers (median of nut consumption 12.6 g/day; interquartile range: 6.0⁻25.2). Nut consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, folic acid, and Ca, Mg, Se and Zn than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers were also more likely to be above the AI for K and Cr than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers had lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes, but also higher CQI, higher FQI, and better scores of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean diet score, MDS).
CONCLUSIONS: nut consumers had better nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and adherence to the MedDiet than those non-nut consumers.