Las patrias de la República: la experiencia de los nacionalistas periféricos durante la Guerra Civil española (1936-1936)

Abstract

Las rivalidades políticas y las disputas institucionales entre los diversos núcleos de poder que surgieron en la zona republicana tras la consolidación de la división de España en dos bandos a fines de julio de 1936 poseyeron un importante componente territorial, tanto o más relevante que el social. En este artículo se examinan de forma comparada las reacciones de los nacionalismos vasco, catalán y gallego ante la Guerra Civil española y su desarrollo, y se abordan igualmente las motivaciones de los combatientes que simpatizaban con los nacionalismos subestatales, particularmente en lo referente a sus sentimientos de lealtad nacional más o menos cambiante hacia la República española y sus patrias.; The institutional disputes and the political quarrels that developed among the different powers that emerged in the territory controlled by the Republican government after the consolidation of the splintering of Spain by the end of July 1936 also had a noteworthy territorial character, which became at least as important as social polarisation. In this essay, the reaction of Catalan, Basque and Galician nationalisms to the outbreak and development of the Spanish Civil war are analysed in a comparative perspective. Furthermore, the motivations of the combatants who shared a Catalan, Galician and Basque national identity, and who took arms for the defence of the Republic, are researched. Particularly, the final objective of this essay is examining the substate nationalists' shifting loyalties towards their homelands and the Spanish Republic as a whole.