Oinezkoen simulazioak giza indarraren ereduaren bidez: larrialdi-egoerak

Abstract

Pedestrian areas such as underground stations or shopping centres are more often than not overcrowded. In case of emergency, the safety of pedestrians is called into question. As a matter of fact, the analysis of pedestrian flows is highly meaningful. This study is developed following the Social Force Model, a perspective on modelling of crowd dynamics and pedestrian motion. The mathematical formulation, fields of applications, limits and the relation with experimental data have been considered. Moreover, a simulated evacuation of a single-exit room has been analysed, together with the influence of obstacles in the event of an emergency evacuation procedure. It has been proven that placing a wall or a column with special features can help reducing the evacuation time because the obstacles tend to organize the flow. In addition replacing a long wall by a row of columns or small walls can even improve the results.; Oinezkoentzako inguruneetan, metroetako pasabideetan edo merkataritza-guneetan esaterako, jende ugari pilatzen da. Ibiltarien segurtasuna arriskuan ipintzen du horrek, bereziki larrialdi-egoeretan. Ondorioz, oinezkoen dinamika aztertzeak berebiziko garrantzia dauka. Lan honetan jendetzaren dinamika modelizatzen duen ereduetako bat landu da, giza indarraren eredua alegia. Besteak beste, eredu horren formulazio matematikoa, aplikagarritasun-esparruak, mugak eta datu esperimentalekiko erlazioa aztertu dira. Gainera, eredu horren bitartez irteera bakarreko gela baten ebakuazioa aztertu da, ibiltarien hustutze prozesuan oztopoek nola eragiten duten ikusteko. Ate ondoan ezaugarri bereziak dituen horma edo zutabe bat kokatzeak irtete-denbora murrizten duela egiaztatu da, oztopoek oinezkoen fluxua ordenatzen dutelako. Bestalde, horma luze baten ordez zutabeen edo horma txikien ilara bat eratu daiteke emaitzak are gehiago hobetzeko.