Etorkizuneko zergadunak heziz, ongizate-estatua ziurtatu

Abstract

[eus] Lan honetan zehar, ongizate eta gizarte babeseko sistema unibertsal, publiko eta kalitatezkoa, finantzaketari dagokionean, nola ziurtatu daitekeen aztertuko dugu. Bestera esanda, oraingo zein etorkizuneko belaunaldiei ongizatea bermatzeko tresnetan jarriko dugu arreta. Aberatsak aberatsago eta txiroak txiroago diren honetan, gizarte solidario gisa, helburua herritar guztiok oinarrizko beharrak ase izatea izan behar dela ikusiko dugu baita, horretarako tresna nagusia, sistema fiskal justua, hau da, sistema fiskal progresiboa dela ere, honek aberastasunaren nolabaiteko birbanaketa eta orekatzea ahalbidetzen baitu. Horrez gain, gastu publikoaren eta inbertsioaren beharrak oso handiak izango diren testuinguru historiko baterantz goaz. Beraz, baliabideen kudeaketa eraginkorra eta errentagarria egiteaz gain, sozialki aurreratuenak diren herrialdeen antzeko presio fiskala ezartzea funtsezkoa dela ikusiko dugu. Ordea, gaur egun, zerga altuak ezartzea ez dago bereziki ondo ikusia gizartean; oro har, jendeak ahalik eta zerga gutxien ordaintzea nahiago du. Ulerkera hau aldatu asmoz, ikastetxeetan fiskalitatearen eta sektore publikoaren funtzioa eta garrantzia azpimarratzean eta ulertaraztean oinarritutako programa bat martxan jartzeak eragin positiboa izango lukeela erakutsiko dugu.

[eng] Throughout this work we will analyze how a universal, public and quality system of welfare and social protection can be ensured in terms of financing. In other words, we will focus on the instruments we have to ensure the well-being of present and future generations. Now that the rich are richer and the poor are poorer, as a solidary society, we will see that the goal is for all citizens to be able to satisfy their needs and, that the main instrument for this, is a fair fax system, that is, a progressive tax system, as it allows certain redistribution and balance of wealth. In addition, we are moving towards a historical context in which the needs for public spending and investment are going to be very high. Therefore, in addition to an efficient and worthwhile management of resources, we will see that it is essential to establish a fiscal pressure similar to the ones of the most socially advanced countries. However, these days, high taxation is not very well seen; generally, people prefer to pay as little tax as possible. In order to change this understanding, we will show that the implementation of an educational program aimed at students and based on highlighting and making understand the role and importance of taxation and the public sector would have a positive impact.