Looking for Novel Natural Gels to Improve Cleaning Methods for Bronze Leachates on Marble
dc.contributor.author | Vázquez de la Fuente, Iñaki | |
dc.contributor.author | Barbier de Olano, Inés | |
dc.contributor.author | Puente Muñoz, Sara | |
dc.contributor.author | Prieto Taboada, Nagore | |
dc.contributor.author | Arana Momoitio, Gorka | |
dc.contributor.author | Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-27T18:58:08Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-11-27T18:58:08Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-10-25 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Gels 9(11) : (2023) // Article ID 843 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.issn | 2310-2861 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10810/63170 | |
dc.description.abstract | Marble is one of the materials most susceptible to copper leaching, resulting in easily identifiable turquoise stains on the marble. This problem is particularly relevant when we are talking about marble structures of heritage value. For this reason, conservators look for cleaning materials that are specific to the structure to be treated without damaging the original surface. Materials such as agar have been studied for a long time. Agar creates a controlled water release system that adapts to the needs of conservators who seek the greatest possible cleanliness without damaging the material to be treated. To improve the cleaning, chelating agents such as EDTA are added to the agar composition. However, the microbiological growth and the damage it produces to the original material are disadvantages to take into account. In order to solve these problems, other natural materials with cleaning potential such as kudzu and konjac gels were studied in combination with other chelating agents such as citrate, oxalate, and gluconic acid. For the characterization and evaluation of copper cleaning, various analytical techniques were used, including Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this study, both konjac and kudzu emerged as promising alternatives to agar, revealing distinctive features such as simplified preparation methods and inherent antimicrobial properties. The EDTA chelator was found to be the most harmful for marble surfaces, as it extracted a greater amount of calcium from the marble during application of the gels doped with it. Citrate and gluconic acid have been identified as a promising substitute to prepare doped gels for the removal of copper stains. These compounds exhibit comparable or potentially superior cleaning capabilities than EDTA, with no negative side effects. | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | This work has been supported by the project DEMORA (Grant PID2020-113391GB-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” (EU). | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.publisher | MDPI | es_ES |
dc.relation | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MCIN/PID2020-113391GB-I00 | es_ES |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | es_ES |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.subject | agar | es_ES |
dc.subject | kudzu | es_ES |
dc.subject | konjac | es_ES |
dc.subject | chelating agent | es_ES |
dc.subject | citrate | es_ES |
dc.subject | EDTA | es_ES |
dc.subject | leachates | es_ES |
dc.subject | copper | es_ES |
dc.title | Looking for Novel Natural Gels to Improve Cleaning Methods for Bronze Leachates on Marble | es_ES |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es_ES |
dc.date.updated | 2023-11-25T21:15:16Z | |
dc.rights.holder | © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | es_ES |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/11/843 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/gels9110843 | |
dc.departamentoes | Química analítica | |
dc.departamentoeu | Kimika analitikoa |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).