Aniztasun identitariotik, XX. mendeko bilbainismora. Bilbotar identitateak, hauen arteko harremanak eta bilakaerak XX. mendean zehar.

Abstract

[EUS] Identitate soziala kolektibitate baten partaide izatearen sentimendu bezala definitu daiteke. Partaide izatearen sentimendu hori elementu ezberdinek osatzen dute: ama hizkuntzak, klase sozialak, ideologiak…, elementu horiek identitatea eraiki eta kohesionatzeko funtzioa beteko dutelarik. Lan honek XX. mendean zehar bilbotar identitatearen eraikuntzan parte hartu duten elementuak aztertuko ditu. Lanak XX. mendean zehar egiten duen ibilbidean, identitate bakoitzak bere hedapenerako erabili dituen baliabideak, identitate ezberdinen arteko harreman dialektikoa (edo hegemoniaren bataila) edota industrializazioaren garapenak identitateetan izan duen eragina ikusiko dugu. Bide beretik, koiuntura politikoak eta hiriaren hazkunde demografikoak identitateen bilakaera baldintzatzerako orduan izan duten papera aztertuko da. Azkenik, lan honek, XXI. mendeko bilbainismoaren inguruko hipotesia planteatuko du. Horretarako, identitate berri hori eraiki duten ardatzak mahaigaineratuko dira.

[EN] Social identity is defined as a feeling of belonging to a collective. This sense of belonging is constructed through differing elements, such as social class, ideology and language, which will have the function of constructing and giving cohesion to identity. This article aims to analyse the elements that have constructed a Bilbao identity during the twentieth century. The article, which looks at the whole of the twentieth century, will analyse the means by which Bilbao identities have developed, the dialectical relationship between distinct identities (or the struggle for hegemony) and how industrialisation has conditioned this development of identities. In the same way, it will analyse the role of the different political conjunctures and of population growth over the course of the century. Finally, the article will propose a hypothesis about the Bilbao identity of the twenty first century, by exploring the axes on which this new identity has been built.