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Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2013-01)
Microglia are the resident brain macrophages and they have been traditionally studied as orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response during infections and disease. In addition, microglia has a more benign, less explored ...
From the Cajal alumni Achucarro and Rio-Hortega to the rediscovery of never-resting microglia
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2015-04-14)
Under the guidance of Ramon y Cajal, a plethora of students flourished and began to apply his silver impregnation methods to study brain cells other than neurons: the neuroglia. In the first decades of the twentieth century, ...
Never-resting microglia: physiological roles in the healthy brain and pathological implications
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-08-15)
Microglia are largely known as the major orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response. As such, they have been traditionally studied in various contexts of disease, where their activation has been assumed to induce a ...
CGP37157, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, protects neurons from excitotoxicity by blocking voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014-04)
Inhibition of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) by CGP37157 is protective in models of neuronal injury that involve disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the Ca2+ signaling pathways and stores ...
The Link of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
(Biomed Central, 2016-05-24)
Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized clinically by the accumulation of neurological disability without
unequivocal recovery. Understanding the mechanisms that determine entering in this stage of the disease ...
A beta oligomers promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation via integrin beta 1 and Fyn kinase signaling
(Nature Publishing Group, 2019-06-06)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline that correlates with the levels of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) oligomers. Strong evidences connect changes of oligodendrocyte function with the ...
Pio del Rio Hortega and the discovery of the oligodendrocytes
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2015-07-07)
Rio del Rio Hortega (1882-1945) discovered microglia and oligodendrocytes (OLGs), and after Ramon y Cajal, was the most prominent figure of the Spanish school of neurology. He began his scientific career with Nicolas ...
Contribution of Pannexin1 to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
(Public Library of Science, 2013-06)
Pannexin1 (Panx1) is a plasma membrane channel permeable to relatively large molecules, such as ATP. In the central nervous system (CNS) Panx1 is found in neurons and glia and in the immune system in macrophages and T-cells. ...
Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, learning capacity and cognition in patients with first episode psychosis
(BioMed Central, 2013)
Background: Cognitive impairments are seen in first psychotic episode (FEP) patients. The neurobiological underpinnings that might underlie these changes remain unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether
Brain ...
1-42 beta-Amyloid peptide requires PDK1/nPKC/Rac 1 pathway to induce neuronal death
(Nature Publishing Group, 2013-01)
1-42 beta-Amyloid (A beta(1-42)) peptide is a key molecule involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Some of its effects are manifested at the neuronal morphological level. These morphological changes involve ...