dc.description.abstract | Obesitatea osasun-arazo garrantzitsua bihurtu da xxi. mendean, mundu osoan milioika pertsonei eragiten diena. Obesitatearekin batera hainbat komorbilitate agertzen direla onartuta dago, eta horiek bizi-itxaropena murriztearekin lotzen dira. Hala ere, obesitatea pairatzen duten pertsona guztiengan ez da egoera hori antzeman; izan ere, ikusi izan da hainbatek obesitatearekin lotutako asaldura kardiometabolikoen aurrean babesa erakusten dutela. Obesitatea pairatzen duten baina komorbilitaterik ez duten horiek metabolikoki osasuntsuak diren obesoak (MOO) dira. Gaur egun, MOO kontzeptuaren definizioa aldatu egiten da iturri bibliografikoen arabera; hortaz, ez da oso zehatza. Gainera, MOO identifikatzeko irizpide unibertsalik ez dagoenez, prebalentzia-datuak nabarmen aldatzen dira ikerketen artean. MOO eta metabolikoki osasuntsuak ez diren obesoen (MOEO) artean hainbat ezberdintasun fisiologiko, funtzional eta patologiko identifikatu dira: MOOek, adibidez, intsulinarekiko sentikortasunari eusten diote, eta ez dute ez hipertentsiorik ez dislipemiarik pairatzen. Gainera, MOOak 2 motako diabetesaren, gaixotasun kardiobaskularren eta beste heriotza-kausen aurrean babestuta daudela ikusi izan da. Ezberdintasun horien erantzuleetako batzuk MOOen eta MOEOen artean ezberdina den erraietako gantzaren metaketa eta gantz-ehunaren disfuntzioa direla proposatu da. Ondorioz, gorputz-masaren indizea komorbilitateen eraginez agertuko diren konplikazioen larritasunarekin zuzenki erlazionatuta egon arren, gantz-metaketaren kokalekuak eta gantz-ehunaren disfuntzioak erlazio zuzenagoa dute obesitatearekin batera etorri ohi diren komorbilitateen garapenarekin.; Obesity has become a major health problem in the 21st century, affecting millions of people around the world. It is assumed that obesity is accompanied by different comorbidities that are related to a reduction in life expectancy. However, this situation has not been seen in all people with obesity, since it has been observed that some obese people show protection against cardiometabolic disorders related to obesity, a condition known as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). At present, the definition of MHO varies according to the bibliographic source used, so it is not very precise. Furthermore, in the absence of universal criteria for identification of MHO, prevalence data vary between investigations. Some physiological, functional and pathological differences have been identified between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO): individuals with MHU, for example, retain insulin sensitivity and do not suffer from hypertension or dyslipidemia compared to MUO. In addition, people with MHO are protected against type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other causes of death. Some responsible for these differences are the accumulation of visceral fat and the dysfunction of the adipose tissue. Consequently, despite the fact that the body mass index is directly related to the severity of the complications derived from obesity-related comorbidities, it can be stated that fat location and adipose tissue dysfunction are even more directly related. | |