Ekoizpen-sistema erdi-estentsibopean hazitako Euskal Herriko mendiko zaldia arrazako behor-esnearen kalitate nutrizionalaren azterketa

Abstract

Many farms that breed equids for human consumption are located in southern Basque Country, and are primarily based on extensive management systems. Considering the beneficial impact of extensive systems on rural areas and the environment, diversification of equine production with mare milk from the autochthonous Basque Mountain Horse breed, a product never studied before, is proposed. This study assessed the nutritional quality of milk through the quantification of gross composition (total fat, protein, lactose and non-fat dry matter) using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Mare milk from Basque Mountain Horse breed was particularly poor in fat, whereas protein and lactose contents were in agreement with those found in milk from other horse breeds. Significant differences were found in non-fat dry matter content among farms, being the milk coming from the farm where mares fed the least amount of pasture the richest in this compound. On another hand, lactation stage significantly influenced the content of fat, protein, lactose and non-fat dry matter. Fat and protein contents decreased along lactation and lactose content increased, while non-fat dry matter content fluctuated with no specific pattern. Compared to milk from other animal species, mare milk is poor in fat and protein but rich in lactose, similarly to human milk. This study shows that mares from Basque Mountain Horse breed can provide a high quality milk. Therefore, diversification of the current equine production with mare milk could improve the sustainability of both this autochthonous breed and extensive farms in the Basque Country.; Hego Euskal Herrian giza kontsumora bideratzen diren ekidoen ustiategi ugari daude, batez ere ekoizpen-sistema estentsiboetan oinarritzen direnak. Maneiu-sistema horrek landa-eremuetan eta ingurunearen babesean dituen onurak kontuan izanda, sekula aztertu ez den Euskal Herriko mendiko zaldia arrazako behor-esnearen ekoizpena proposatzen da dibertsifikazio modura. Hortaz, ikerketa honetan produktu horren kalitate nutrizionala aztertu da, konposizio orokorra (gantz, proteina, laktosa eta estraktu lehor koipegabe totalak) infragorri hurbilaren espektroskopia (NIR) teknikaren bitartez kuantifikatuz.Euskal Herriko mendiko zaldia arrazako behor-esnetan gantz kopuru bereziki baxua aurkitu zen; proteina eta laktosa kopurua, berriz, beste zaldi-arrazen esnetan aurkitutakoaren antzekoa zen. Ustiategi desberdinetako esneen arteko ezberdintasun estatistikoki esanguratsuak aurkitu ziren, eta larreetan denbora gutxien bazkatu zuten behorren esnea izan zen estraktu lehor koipegabearen edukian aberatsena. Bestalde, edoskitzaroak eragin esanguratsua izan zuen gantz, proteina, laktosa eta estraktu lehor koipegabearen kopuruan. Izan ere, edoskitzaroak aurrera egin ahala, gantz- eta proteina-edukiak murriztu eta laktosa-edukia handitu egin ziren. Estraktu lehor koipegabearen kopuruak, aldiz, gorabeherak jasan zituen, joera espezifikorik gabe. Beste animalia-jatorriko esneekin alderatuta, behor-esneak gantz- eta proteina-eduki urria baina laktosa-eduki altua dauzka, giza esnearen antzera.Ikerketa honetan ikusi da Euskal Herriko mendiko zaldia arrazak kalitate nutrizional altuko esnea eman dezakeela. Hortaz, egungo zaldien ekoizpen-sistema esnearen ekoizpenarekin dibertsifikatuz gero, bai arraza autoktono horren eta bai Euskal Herriko abeltzaintza estentsiboaren iraunkortasuna babestuko lirateke.