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Metabolic efficiency with fast spiking in the squid axon
(Frontiers, 2012-11-15)
Fundamentally, action potentials in the squid axon are consequence of the entrance of sodium ions during the depolarization of the rising phase of the spike mediated by the outflow of potassium ions during the hyperpolarization ...
Age-dependent decrease in glutamine synthetase expression in the hippocampal astroglia of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model : mechanism for deficient glutamatergic transmission?
(BioMed Central, 2011-07-30)
Astrocytes are fundamental for brain homeostasis and the progression and outcome of many neuropathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) generalised hippocampal ...
Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2013-01)
Microglia are the resident brain macrophages and they have been traditionally studied as orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response during infections and disease. In addition, microglia has a more benign, less explored ...
Spinal circuits can accommodate interaction torques during multijoint limb movements
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-11-11)
The dynamic interaction of limb segments during movements that involve multiple joints creates torques in one joint due to motion about another. Evidence shows that such interaction torques are taken into account during ...
A Minimal Model of Metabolism-Based Chemotaxis
(Public Library of Science, 2010-12-02)
Since the pioneering work by Julius Adler in the 1960's, bacterial chemotaxis has been predominantly studied as metabolism-independent. All available simulation models of bacterial chemotaxis endorse this assumption. Recent ...
Isolation of mineralizing Nestin+ Nkx6.1+ vascular muscular cells from the adult human spinal cord
(BioMed Central, 2011-10-10)
Background: The adult central nervous system (CNS) contains different populations of immature cells that could possibly be used to repair brain and spinal cord lesions. The diversity and the properties of these cells in ...
Increase in the density of resting microglia precedes neuritic plaque formation and microglial activation in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease
(Nature Publishing Group, 2010-01)
The formation of cerebral senile plaques composed of amyloid beta peptide (A beta) is a fundamental feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells and more specifically microglia become reactive in the presence of A beta. ...
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: action identification by a dynamic recurrent neural network
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-09-17)
In this study we employed a dynamic recurrent neural network (DRNN) in a novel fashion to reveal characteristics of control modules underlying the generation of muscle activations when drawing figures with the outstretched ...
Cytokine pathway disruption in a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by Munc18-1a overexpression in the brain
(Biomed Central, 2014-07-29)
Background: An accumulating body of evidence points to the significance of neuroinflammation and immunogenetics in schizophrenia, and an imbalance of cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS) has been suggested to be ...
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: Component analysis of EMG signals
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2015-01-09)
A central question in Neuroscience is that of how the nervous system generates the spatiotemporal commands needed to realize complex gestures, such as handwriting. A key postulate is that the central nervous system (CNS) ...