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Sephin1 Protects Neurons against Excitotoxicity Independently of the Integrated Stress Response
(MDPI, 2020-08-24)
Sephin1 is a derivative of guanabenz that inhibits the dephosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and therefore may enhance the integrated stress response (ISR), an adaptive mechanism against ...
Expression and Function of GABA Receptors in Myelinating Cells
(Frontiers Media, 2020-08-21)
Myelin facilitates the fast transmission of nerve impulses and provides metabolic support to axons. Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and Schwann cell (SC) precursors is critical for myelination ...
A Clonal NG2-Glia Cell Response in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
(MDPI, 2020-05-21)
NG2-glia, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), have the potential to generate new mature oligodendrocytes and thus, to contribute to tissue repair in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). ...
Contribution of P2X4 Receptors to CNS Function and Pathophysiology
(MDPI, 2020-08-03)
The release and extracellular action of ATP are a widespread mechanism for cell-to-cell communication in living organisms through activation of P2X and P2Y receptors expressed at the cell surface of most tissues, including ...
Functional and Metabolic Characterization of Microglia Culture in a Defined Medium
(Frontiers Media, 2020-02-07)
Microglia are the endogenous immune cells of the brain and act as sensor of infection and pathologic injury to the brain, leading to a rapid plastic process of activation that culminates in the endocytosis and phagocytosis ...
P2X7 Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Cerebrovascular Diseases
(Frontiers Media, 2020-06-18)
Shortage of oxygen and nutrients in the brain induces the release of glutamate and ATP that can cause excitotoxicity and contribute to neuronal and glial damage. Our understanding of the mechanisms of ATP release and ...
Gene Expression Analysis of Astrocyte and Microglia Endocannabinoid Signaling during Autoimmune Demyelination
(MDPI, 2020-08-24)
The endocannabinoid system is associated with protective effects in multiple sclerosis (MS) that involve attenuated innate immune cell responses. Astrocytes and microglia are modulated by endocannabinoids and participate ...
In vivo PET Imaging of Gliogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
(Frontiers Media, 2020-07-30)
In vivopositron emission tomography of neuroinflammation has mainly focused on the evaluation of glial cell activation using radiolabeled ligands. However, the non-invasive imaging of neuroinflammatory cell proliferation ...
CLR01 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Vitro and in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
(Nature, 2020-09-28)
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects millions of patients worldwide and is characterized by alpha-synuclein aggregation in dopamine neurons. Molecular tweezers have shown high potential as anti-aggregation agents targeting ...