European biofuels policy and its contribution to a low carbon future

Abstract

•There is an increasing urgency of decarbonising the EU transport sector. •Biofuels are expected to play a significant role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. •The EU has intensively promoted biofuels since 2000, reaching 5-6% of liquids consumption. •Controversies have focused on indirect land use changes and competition with food production. •In view of the scientific evidence, a new ILUC Directive was adopted in September 2015.