Zer da lehenago, aditzoina ala partizipioa? Oharrak euskararen kronologiarako

Abstract

Lan honetan aditzoinaren eta partizipioaren arteko erlazioaren historian sakondu nahi dut. Datuen bidez ikusiko dugu beren arteko oposaketak diakronikoki ñabardura gehiago dituela sinkronikoki ematen duena baino eta, funtsean, euskara historikoan dakusguna ezin dela aitzineuskarara eraman bere horretan. Ildo honetatik, hipotesi indartsuago bat jarriko dut frogapean, alegia, aditzoin historikoa jatorriz Erdi Aroko lehen lekukotasunak baino lehen elkartu-eratorrien lotunean eragina izan zuten hots-aldaketa arau ezagunek sortutako irregulartasunen morfologizatzearen ondorio dela. Hipotesi honek, lehen azaldu gabe zeuden zenbait fenomeno (Trask-en *emanite erako aditz-izenak, adibidez) azaltzeaz gainera, aditz sistema historikoaren eraketarekin lotutako beste fenomeno batzuen sorreraz, izaeraz edota kronologiaz ere aurrerapenak egiteko aukera ematen digu, hala nola perfektuzko perifrasiez eta -itu partizipio pleonastikoez.; In this work I hope to look more deeply at the relationship between the root and the participle of Basque verbs. We will see with the help of a range of evidence that the opposition between them has more nuances diachronically speaking than it seems to have from the synchronic point of view and that basically what we see in historical Basque cannot simply be assumed to be the case in Proto Basque. Therefore, I will attempt to prove a stronger hypothesis i.e. that the historical verb root is a consequence of the morphologization of the irregularities which brought about the phonetic changes that altered the point of merger of compounds and derivatives prior to the first medieval documents. Apart from attempting to shed some light on some other hitherto unexplained phenomena such as the type of *emanite verbal nouns proposed by Trask (1990), this hypothesis also gives us the opportunity to increase our understanding of the birth, nature and chronology of other phenomena related to the make up of the historical verbal system such as the periphrastic perfect and the pleonastic participles in -itu.