Interbentzio praktiko baten proposamena lesio muskuloeskeletiko ohikoenak ekiditeko: ile-apaintzaileen osasun laboral prebentziorako esparruan

Abstract

[EUS] Ile-apaintzailetza munduko populazioaren ehuneko handi batek erabiltzen duen zerbitzu bat bilakatu da. Eskakizun handiko lanpostua da, gorputz jarreren mantentzea, mugimendu berdinen errepikapena eta material pisutsuen eustea eskatzen duena. Kirol askotan bezala, lanpostuaren zereginetarako aurretiko prestaketa faltarekin eta ekintza batzuek eskatzen duten trebetasun maila ezarekin batera, lesio muskulo eskeletiko ugari agertzen dira. Honen arira, lesio muskulu eskeletikoen garapena mundu laboralaren arloan gorakada nabarmena izan du azken urteetan eta egoerak okerrera egingo duela erakusten dute datuek.

Ile-apaintzaile lanpostua zehazki aztertuz, datuek adierazten dute gehien kaltetutako gorputz atalak sorbaldak, ukondoak, besaurreak, eskuak, eskumuturrak eta hatzak direla, gehiegizko kargak edo angelu okerrak jasaten dituztelako, besteak beste, giharretako gainkargak, kapsulitisa, tendinitisa eta pertsonen bizitzan eragin handia duten lesioak agerrarazten dituztenak.

Lan honetan ile-apaintzaileek garatzen dituzten ohiko lesio muskulu eskeletikoen garapena prebenitzeko hiru interbentzio faseetako proposamena burutu da, lanpostuko gorputz jarrera egokiaren berreztean, lanpostuaren aurreko, bitarteko eta ondorengo lesioen prebentziorako estrategien erakusketan eta giltzadura zehatzen lesioak ekiditeko, prebentzio-ariketen programa baten erakusketan oinarrituta dagoena. Prebentzioaren ikuspuntutik interbentzio proposamen hau burutzeko, ariketa fisikoaz eta honen praktikaren onuretaz baliatu egin da, zuzenketa, jarraibide eta ariketa ezberdinen bateriak sortuz.

[EN] Hairdressing has become a service used by a large percentage of the world's population. It is a very demanding profession, requiring the maintenance of bodily positions, the repetition of equal movements, and the maintenance of heavy materials. As in many sports, along with the lack of prior training in occupations and the lack of skill required by some activities, numerous skeletal muscular injuries occur. In the light of this, the development of skeletal muscle disturbances in the field of the laboratory world has had a marked rise in recent years and data shows that it will make the situation worse. Examining the job of a hairdresser, the data indicates that the most damaged parts are shoulders, elbows, forearms, hands, wrists, and fingers, because they suffer excessive charges or erroneous angles, including muscle overcharges, capsulitis, tendinitis, and injuries that have a major impact on the lives of people. Three stages of intervention have been completed to prevent the development of the usual skeletal muscles of hairdressers in this work, based on the re-introduction of the proper body attitude in the workplace, the display of strategies for prevention of prior, intermediate, and subsequent injuries, and the avoidance of specific kidney injuries based on a programme of preventive exercises. In order to carry out this proposal of intervention from a preventive point of view, he has taken advantage of physical exercise and the benefits of his practice by creating batteries of various corrections, guidelines, and exercises.