Minbiziaren diagnostikoa jaso duten nerabe eta heldu-gazteen [AYA (Adolescents and Young Adults)] ezaugarri eta beharrak
Ikusi/ Ireki
Data
2024-07-29Egilea
Alustiza Calvillo, Oihane
Laburpena
[EU] Sarrera: AYA (Adolescents and Young Adults) akronimoak nerabe eta heldu-gazteari erreferentzia egiten dio eta onkologian 15-39 urte bitartean minbiziaren diagnostikoa jaso duten pazienteetara mugatzen da. AYA taldeko pazienteak gaixo pediatriko edo zaharragoekin elkartzen dira, talde hauen artean dauden ezberdintasunak kontuan hartu gabe; hori dela eta, kasu batzuetan ez dago argi AYA taldeko minbiziak tratatzerako garaian jarraitu beharreko eskema egokiena haurrei dagokiena edo helduena den. Era berean, ez dira haien bizitzako etapari dagozkion behar psikosozial espezifikoak kontuan hartzen eta honek pazienteen bizi-kalitatean eragina dauka. Helburuak: lan honen helburuak AYA taldearen arreta onkologikoarekin erlazionatutako ezaugarri espezifikoak aztertzea; aipatutako behar psikosozial bereziak asetzeko asmoz pazienteei zuzendutako informazio txostena prestatzea eta populazio talde honetan ohikoenak diren minbiziak neoplasia hematologikoak direla kontuan hartuta, Donostia Ospitalean 2013-2018 bitartean linfoma edo leuzemia izan zuten 15-39 urte bitarteko pazienteek osaturiko kohorte baten deskribapena egitea izan dira. Metodologia: bilaketa bibliografikorako PubMed datu-basean “AYA epidemiology”, “AYA statistics”, “AYA psychological support” eta “AYA lymphoma” bezalako hitz-gakoak erabili dira. Horrez gain, 6 urteko kohorte baten ikerketa obserbazional erretrospektiboa egin da. Emaitzak: Donostia Ospitalean linfoma edo leuzemiadun AYA pazienteen biziraupen globala oso altua da eta minbizi hematologiko ohikoenak Hodgkinen linfoma (%35), leuzemia mieloblastiko akutua (%15), B zelula handiko linfoma hedatsua (%14) eta leuzemia linfoblastiko akutua (%12) dira. Psikoonkologia- eta gizarte-zerbitzuekin kontaktatzen duten pazienteen kopurua oso baxua da (%15 eta %3, hurrenez hurren). Ondorioak: beharrezkoa da nerabe eta heldu-gazteen ezaugarri biopsikosozialak kontuan hartzea hauek jasotzen duten arreta klinikoa guztizkoa izan dadin. Era berean, argi geratu da historia kliniko zehatzen garrantzia eta ikerketa eta entsegu kliniko gehiagoren beharra. [EN] Background: in oncology the acronym AYA (Adolescents and Young Adults) refers to patients who have received a cancer diagnosis between the ages of 15 and 39. Patients in the AYA group are grouped with pediatric or elderly patients, regardless of the differences between these groups; therefore, in some cases it is not clear whether the most appropriate scheme for treating cancer in the AYA group is that of children or adults. Nor are the specific psychosocial needs or their stage of life are taken into account, and this affects the quality of life of these patients. Objectives: the objectives of this study were to analyze the specific characteristics related to oncological care of the AYA group; to prepare a guidebook for patients in aimed to meeting the above mentioned specific psychosocial needs and taking into account that the most common cancers in this population group are hematological neoplasms, to make a description of a cohort of patients aged 15-39 who suffered lymphoma or leukemia at Donostia University Hospital during 2013-2018. Methods: the bibliographic search was completed in the PubMed database by searching for keywords such as "AYA epidemiology", "AYA statistics", "AYA psychological support" and "AYA lymphoma". A retrospective observational study of a 6-year cohort was also performed. Results: overall survival of AYA patients with lymphoma or leukemia at Donostia University Hospital is very high and the most common hematological cancers are Hodgkin's lymphoma (35%), acute myeloblastic leukemia (15%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (14%) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (12%). The number of patients who contacted psycho-oncological and social services is very low (15% and 3%, respectively). Conclusions: it is necessary to consider the biopsychosocial characteristics of adolescents and young adults so that the clinical care they receive is comprehensive. At the same time, the importance of accurate clinical records and the need for more studies and clinical trials has also been highlighted.