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Spinal circuits can accommodate interaction torques during multijoint limb movements
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-11-11)
The dynamic interaction of limb segments during movements that involve multiple joints creates torques in one joint due to motion about another. Evidence shows that such interaction torques are taken into account during ...
Physiological modules for generating discrete and rhythmic movements: action identification by a dynamic recurrent neural network
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-09-17)
In this study we employed a dynamic recurrent neural network (DRNN) in a novel fashion to reveal characteristics of control modules underlying the generation of muscle activations when drawing figures with the outstretched ...
Cytokine pathway disruption in a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by Munc18-1a overexpression in the brain
(Biomed Central, 2014-07-29)
Background: An accumulating body of evidence points to the significance of neuroinflammation and immunogenetics in schizophrenia, and an imbalance of cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS) has been suggested to be ...
Altered expression of Alzheimer's disease-related genes in the cerebellum of autistic patients: a model for disrupted brain connectome and therapy
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014-05)
Autism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are, respectively, neurodevelopmental and degenerative diseases with an increasing epidemiological burden. The AD-associated amyloid-beta precursor protein-alpha has been shown to be ...
Never-resting microglia: physiological roles in the healthy brain and pathological implications
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-08-15)
Microglia are largely known as the major orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response. As such, they have been traditionally studied in various contexts of disease, where their activation has been assumed to induce a ...
Energy demands of diverse spiking cells from the neocortex, hippocampus, and thalamus
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-04-08)
It has long been known that neurons in the brain are not physiologically homogeneous. In response to current stimulus, they can fire several distinct patterns of action potentials that are associated with different ...
Differential activity of GSK-3 isoforms regulates NF-kappa B and TRAIL- or TNF alpha induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014-03)
While TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells, many tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), display intrinsic resistance, highlighting ...
CGP37157, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, protects neurons from excitotoxicity by blocking voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014-04)
Inhibition of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) by CGP37157 is protective in models of neuronal injury that involve disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the Ca2+ signaling pathways and stores ...
Interaction between the 5-HT system and the basal ganglia: functional implication and therapeutic perspective in Parkinson's disease
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-03-17)
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has a multifaceted function in the modulation of information processing through the activation of multiple receptor families, including G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes (5-HT1, ...