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dc.contributor.authorRodella, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorCespón, Jesús
dc.contributor.authorRepetto, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorPellicciari, Maria Concetta
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-13T14:02:52Z
dc.date.available2021-10-13T14:02:52Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationRodella C, Cespón J, Repetto C and Pellicciari MC (2021) Customized Application of tDCS for Clinical Rehabilitation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 15:687968. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.687968es_ES
dc.identifier.issn1662-5161
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/53362
dc.descriptionPublished: 29 July 2021es_ES
dc.description.abstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive-behavior deficits, which strongly impact daily-life activities (Weintraub et al., 2012). Currently, the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatments has encouraged researchers to develop nonpharmacological interventions, such as cognitive training and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) treatments, designed to prevent or delay cognitive impairment (Cass, 2017; Cespón et al., 2018). In recent years, there has been growing interest in evaluating the use of NIBS to improve cognitive functioning in healthy and pathological aging (Hsu et al., 2015; Cappon et al., 2016), and to integrate this modality in dementia rehabilitation programs (Prehn and Flöel, 2015). In particular, some experimental (Ferrucci et al., 2008; Boggio et al., 2012; Marceglia et al., 2016) and meta-analytical (Hill et al., 2016; Indahlastari et al., 2021) studies have supported the clinical utility of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The potential of tDCS lies on its mechanisms of action. Specifically, tDCS has local impacts on the GABA/glutamate balance (Stagg et al., 2009), which has been found to be altered in AD patients (Guerra et al., 2011). It also influences functional connectivity, synchronization, and oscillatory activities in prefrontal cortex (Keeser et al., 2011), a region substantially affected by AD. In addition, tDCS may have non-neuronal effects, as almost all tissues and cells are sensitive to electric fields (Ruohonen and Karhu, 2012). For instance, tDCS could potentially modulate the inflammatory response and the conformation of beta-amyloid and other pathological proteins (Toschi et al., 2009), involved in the progression of AD. Nevertheless, several studies have found very little or null effects (e.g., Horvath et al., 2015) of tDCS on various cognitive domains. These results have been attributed to high inter-study (Pellicciari and Miniussi, 2018) and inter-individual variability in response to tDCS (Li et al., 2015), even though the sources of inter-individual variability were not clearly identified. Importantly, although the sheer number of parameters (e.g., polarity, intensity, location, electrodes size) that can be varied could represent a weakness of these protocols, they alsomean the application of tDCS is highly customizable. Consequently, exploring inter-individual differences and how these might influence the effects of tDCS has become crucial. In the following section, we point to Brain Reserve (and the related grade of brain atrophy), Cognitive Reserve and baseline performance measures as potential sources for the inter-individual variability reflected in results obtained after applying tES protocols.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2018-2021 program and by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation SEV-2015-0490 for an English revision of the manuscript.es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherfrontiers in Human Neurosciencees_ES
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GV/BERC2018-2021es_ES
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/SEV-2015-0490es_ES
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.subjecttDCSes_ES
dc.subjectneurorehabiliationes_ES
dc.subjectAlzheimer’s diseasees_ES
dc.subjectcustomized treatmentes_ES
dc.subjectcognitive impairmentes_ES
dc.subjectneuromodulationes_ES
dc.subjectcognitive reservees_ES
dc.subjectbrain reservees_ES
dc.titleCustomized Application of tDCS for Clinical Rehabilitation in Alzheimer’s Diseasees_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES
dc.rights.holderCopyright © 2021 Rodella, Cespón, Repetto and Pellicciari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.es_ES
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience#es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fnhum.2021.687968


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