dc.contributor.author | Hall, J.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Pérez López, Adrián | |
dc.contributor.author | Kynaston, E.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Lindsay, C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Keddie, J.L. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-02-14T08:53:07Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-02-14T08:53:07Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-02 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Progress in organic coatings : (2022) // Article ID 106657 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.issn | 0300-9440 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1873-331X | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10810/55474 | |
dc.description.abstract | Waterborne colloidal polymer coatings are widely used in architectural and agricultural applications where they are subject to challenging environments, such as extremes of temperatures and relative humidities (RH). This research investigates the effects of adding two common co-formulants, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and xanthan gum (XG), to waterborne polymer composite coatings in these environments. The mechanical properties of the resulting coatings are of particular interest. Hardness, creep and tack properties of thick (similar to 400 mu m) formulated model coatings were characterized using a micro-indentation technique operating in a single cycle within a bespoke environmental chamber. Measurements were made at three temperatures (16, 20 and 30 degrees C), which span the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the acrylic copolymer binder, and over three RH values of 10%, 43%, and 90%. The creep data were analysed using the Burgers model to extract characteristic viscoelastic properties. The tack was found by recording the force when withdrawing the probe from the sample and using it to obtain nominal stress (knowing the indentation depth and probe geometry) during the indenter's withdrawal and hence the work of adhesion (W-Adh) to detach from the coating. Tack adhesion is completely lost below the binder's T-g but increases when the ambient temperature increases. In formulated coatings, both the tack and creep deformation increase as the relative humidity increases, and this trend is observed at each temperature. There is no evidence from thermal analysis for plasticization of the acrylic polymer by moisture sorption, but the two co-formulants are hydrophilic. The observed softening of the coatings at high RH can be attributed to water sorption in the components. The presence of glassy PAA has the effect of raising the hardness of glassy coatings, but only at low RH when there is no plasticization by water. The addition of hydrophilic XG surprisingly reduces tack adhesion while also raising the viscosity of the coating. These findings will inform the formulation of waterborne colloidal coatings to function in a range of environments. | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | work was funded by EPSRC (Grant EP/L016788/1) through the
Doctoral Training Centre in Micro- and NanoMaterials and Technology
(MiNMaT). We benefited from useful discussions with Dr. Marco Ram-
aioli (INRAE, AgroParisTech - Center de Massy) and Dr. Nicholas Ballard
(University of the Basque Country). We thank Violeta Doukova and Dave
Jones (University of Surrey) for laboratory assistance and Dr. Agata
Gajewicz-Jaromin for performing DSC and TGA analyses. We also thank
Dr. James Adams (Cubica Technology) for his assistance in writing data
analysis scripts. We thank Richard Turner (Acal BFI UK Ltd.) for the
relative humidity and temperature probes, and for his assistance with
their setup. | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | es_ES |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | es_ES |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ | * |
dc.subject | latex | es_ES |
dc.subject | hydroplasticization | es_ES |
dc.subject | creep | es_ES |
dc.subject | indentation | es_ES |
dc.subject | relative humidity | es_ES |
dc.subject | hardness | es_ES |
dc.subject | film formation | es_ES |
dc.subject | viscoelastic properties | es_ES |
dc.subject | elastic-modulus | es_ES |
dc.subject | latex films | es_ES |
dc.subject | polymer | es_ES |
dc.subject | adhesive | es_ES |
dc.subject | interdiffusion | es_ES |
dc.subject | deformation | es_ES |
dc.subject | kinetics | es_ES |
dc.title | Effects of environmental conditions on the micro-mechanical properties of formulated waterborne coatings | es_ES |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es_ES |
dc.rights.holder | 2021 Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | es_ES |
dc.rights.holder | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España | * |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944021005282?via%3Dihub | es_ES |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106657 | |