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dc.contributor.authorIcho, Simoun
dc.contributor.authorRujas Díez, Edurne
dc.contributor.authorMuthuraman, Krithika
dc.contributor.authorTam, John
dc.contributor.authorLiang, Huazhu
dc.contributor.authorLandreth, Shelby
dc.contributor.authorLiao, Mingmin
dc.contributor.authorFalzarano, Darryl
dc.contributor.authorJulien, Jean Philippe
dc.contributor.authorMelnyk, Roman A.
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-21T17:22:22Z
dc.date.available2022-09-21T17:22:22Z
dc.date.issued2022-07
dc.identifier.citationAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 66(7) : (2022) // Article ID e00439-22es_ES
dc.identifier.issn0066-4804
dc.identifier.issn1098-6596
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/57804
dc.description.abstractAn essential step in the infection life cycle of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the proteolytic activation of the viral spike (S) protein, which enables membrane fusion and entry into the host cell. Two distinct classes of host proteases have been implicated in the S protein activation step: cell-surface serine proteases, such as the cell-surface transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and endosomal cathepsins, leading to entry through either the cell-surface route or the endosomal route, respectively. In cells expressing TMPRSS2, inhibiting endosomal proteases using nonspecific cathepsin inhibitors such as E64d or lysosomotropic compounds such as hydroxychloroquine fails to prevent viral entry, suggesting that the endosomal route of entry is unimportant; however, mechanism-based toxicities and poor efficacy of these compounds confound our understanding of the importance of the endosomal route of entry. Here, to identify better pharmacological agents to elucidate the role of the endosomal route of entry, we profiled a panel of molecules identified through a high-throughput screen that inhibit endosomal pH and/or maturation through different mechanisms. Among the three distinct classes of inhibitors, we found that inhibiting vacuolar-ATPase using the macrolide bafilomycin A1 was the only agent able to potently block viral entry without associated cellular toxicity. Using both pseudotyped and authentic virus, we showed that bafilomycin A1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection both in the absence and presence of TMPRSS2. Moreover, synergy was observed upon combining bafilomycin A1 with Camostat, a TMPRSS2 inhibitor, in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 entry into TMPRSS2-expressing cells. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the endosomal route of entry for SARS-CoV-2 and provides a rationale for the generation of successful intervention strategies against this virus that combine inhibitors of both entry pathways.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded (S.I. and R.A.M.) from Fast Grants, part of the Emergent Ventures Program at the Mercatus Centre at George Mason University, with support from Thistledown Foundation. This research was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 790012 (E.R.). This work was further supported by the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar program (J.-P.J.), the Ontario Early Researcher Award program (J.-P.J.) and the Canada Research Chair program (J.-P.J.). The Synergy Neo2 Multi-Mode Assay Microplate Reader instrument was accessed at the Structural and Biophysical Core Facility, The Hospital for Sick Children, supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and Ontario Research Fund.es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherAmerican Society for Microbiologyes_ES
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/790012es_ES
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/*
dc.subjectendosomees_ES
dc.subjectSARSes_ES
dc.subjectTMPRSS2es_ES
dc.subjectV-ATPasees_ES
dc.subjectviruses_ES
dc.titleDual Inhibition of Vacuolar-ATPase and TMPRSS2 Is Required for Complete Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cellses_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES
dc.rights.holder© 2022 Icho et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.es_ES
dc.rights.holderAtribución 3.0 España*
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.00439-22es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1128/aac.00439-22
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Commission
dc.departamentoesFarmacia y ciencias de los alimentoses_ES
dc.departamentoeuFarmazia eta elikagaien zientziakes_ES


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© 2022 Icho et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2022 Icho et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.