Lockdown Duration and Training Intensity Affect Sleep Behavior in an International Sample of 1,454 Elite Athletes
dc.contributor.author | Romdhani, Mohamed | |
dc.contributor.author | Fullagar, Hugh H. K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Vitale, Jacopo A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Nédélec, Mathieu | |
dc.contributor.author | Rae, Dale E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ammar, Achraf | |
dc.contributor.author | Chtourou, Hamdi | |
dc.contributor.author | Al Horani, Ramzi A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ben Saad, Helmi | |
dc.contributor.author | Bragazzi, Nicola | |
dc.contributor.author | Dönmez, Gürhan | |
dc.contributor.author | Dergaa, Ismail | |
dc.contributor.author | Driss, Tarak | |
dc.contributor.author | Farooq, Abdulaziz | |
dc.contributor.author | Hammouda, Omar | |
dc.contributor.author | Harroum, Nesrine | |
dc.contributor.author | Hassanmirzaei, Bahar | |
dc.contributor.author | Khalladi, Karim | |
dc.contributor.author | Khemila, Syrine | |
dc.contributor.author | Mataruna Dos Santos, Leonardo Jose | |
dc.contributor.author | Moussa Chamari, Imen | |
dc.contributor.author | Mujika Antón, Iñigo ![]() | |
dc.contributor.author | Muñoz Helú, Hussein | |
dc.contributor.author | Fashkhami, Amin Norouzi | |
dc.contributor.author | Paineiras Domingos, Laisa Liane | |
dc.contributor.author | Khaneghah, Mehrshad Rahbari | |
dc.contributor.author | Saita, Yoshimoto | |
dc.contributor.author | Souissi, Nizar | |
dc.contributor.author | Trabelsi, Khaled | |
dc.contributor.author | Washif, Jad Adrian | |
dc.contributor.author | Weber, Johanna | |
dc.contributor.author | Zmijewski, Piotr | |
dc.contributor.author | Taylor, Lee | |
dc.contributor.author | Garbarino, Sergio | |
dc.contributor.author | Chamari, Karim | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-09-29T13:58:56Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-09-29T13:58:56Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-06 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Frontiers in Psychology 13 : (2022) // Article ID 904778 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.issn | 1664-042X | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10810/57866 | |
dc.description.abstract | Objective: To investigate the effect of 1) lockdown duration and 2) training intensity on sleep quality and insomnia symptoms in elite athletes.Methods: 1,454 elite athletes (24.1 +/- 6.7 years; 42% female; 41% individual sports) from 40 countries answered a retrospective, cross-sectional, web-based questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: 1) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); 2) Insomnia severity index (ISI); bespoke questions about 3) napping; and 4) training behaviors. The association between dependent (PSQI and ISI) and independent variables (sleep, napping and training behaviors) was determined with multiple regression and is reported as semi-partial correlation coefficient squared (in percentage).Results: 15% of the sample spent < 1 month, 27% spent 1-2 months and 58% spent > 2 months in lockdown. 29% self-reported maintaining the same training intensity during-lockdown whilst 71% reduced training intensity. PSQI (4.1 +/- 2.4 to 5.8 +/- 3.1; mean difference (MD): 1.7; 95% confidence interval of the difference (95% CI): 1.6-1.9) and ISI (5.1 +/- 4.7 to 7.7 +/- 6.4; MD: 2.6; 95% CI: 2.3-2.9) scores were higher during-compared to pre-lockdown, associated (all p < 0.001) with longer sleep onset latency (PSQI: 28%; ISI: 23%), later bedtime (PSQI: 13%; ISI: 14%) and later preferred time of day to train (PSQI: 9%; ISI: 5%) during-lockdown. Those who reduced training intensity during-lockdown showed higher PSQI (p < 0.001; MD: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.87-1.63) and ISI (p < 0.001; MD: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.72-3.27) scores compared to those who maintained training intensity. Although PSQI score was not affected by the lockdown duration, ISI score was higher in athletes who spent > 2 months confined compared to those who spent < 1 month (p < 0.001; MD: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.26-2.3).Conclusion: Reducing training intensity during the COVID-19-induced lockdown was associated with lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity in elite athletes. Lockdown duration had further disrupting effects on elite athletes' sleep behavior. These findings could be of relevance in future lockdown or lockdown-like situations (e.g., prolonged illness, injury, and quarantine after international travel). | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Open Access funding is provided by the University of Genoa, Italy. | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.publisher | Frontiers Media | es_ES |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | es_ES |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ | * |
dc.subject | highly-trained athletes | es_ES |
dc.subject | home-confinement duration | es_ES |
dc.subject | pandemic (COVID-19) | es_ES |
dc.subject | training load | es_ES |
dc.subject | sleep disturbance | es_ES |
dc.title | Lockdown Duration and Training Intensity Affect Sleep Behavior in an International Sample of 1,454 Elite Athletes | es_ES |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es_ES |
dc.rights.holder | © 2022 Romdhani, Fullagar, Vitale, Nédélec, Rae, Ammar, Chtourou, Al Horani, Ben Saad, Bragazzi, Dönmez, Dergaa, Driss, Farooq, Hammouda, Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa- Chamari, Mujika, Muñoz Helú, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos, Khaneghah, Saita, Souissi, Trabelsi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor, Garbarino and Chamari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | es_ES |
dc.rights.holder | Atribución 3.0 España | * |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.904778/full | es_ES |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3389/fphys.2022.904778 | |
dc.departamentoes | Fisiología | es_ES |
dc.departamentoeu | Fisiologia | es_ES |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2022 Romdhani, Fullagar, Vitale, Nédélec, Rae, Ammar, Chtourou, Al
Horani, Ben Saad, Bragazzi, Dönmez, Dergaa, Driss, Farooq, Hammouda,
Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa-
Chamari, Mujika, Muñoz Helú, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos,
Khaneghah, Saita, Souissi, Trabelsi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor,
Garbarino and Chamari. This is an open-access article distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use,
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original
author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication
in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use,
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.